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The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Anonymous (2nd century BC, with later Christian additions) · tr. R. H. Charles · 1908 (APOT vol. II, 1913) · 27,810 words

The last words of the twelve sons of Jacob to their children: each confesses his sins, warns against a vice, praises a virtue, and looks ahead to the latter days.

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The Testament of Reuben, the First-Born Son of Jacob and Leah

1 1 The copy of the Testament of Reuben, even the commands which he gave his sons before he 2 died in the hundred and twenty-fifth year of his life. Two years after the death of Joseph his 3 brother, when Reuben fell ill, his sons and his sons' sons were gathered together to visit him. And 4 he said to them: My children, behold I am dying, and go the way of my fathers. And seeing there Judah, and Gad, and Asher, his brethren, he said to them: Raise me up, that I may tell to my brethren and to my children what things I have hidden in my heart, for behold now at length 5 I am passing away. And he arose and kissed them, and said unto them: Hear, my brethren, and 6 do ye, my children, give ear to Reuben your father in the commands which I give unto you. And behold I call to witness against you this day the God of heaven, that ye walk not in the sins of 7 youth and fornication, wherein I was poured out, and defiled the bed of my father Jacob. And I tell you that he smote me with a sore plague in my loins for seven months; and had not my father 8 Jacob prayed for me to the Lord, the Lord would have destroyed me. For I was thirty years old 9 when I wrought the evil thing before the Lord, and for seven months I was sick unto death. And 10 after this I repented with set purpose of my soul for seven years before the Lord. And wine and strong drink I drank not, and flesh entered not into my mouth, and I eat no pleasant food; but I mourned over my sin, for it was great, such as had not been in Israel.

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Contents

  1. The Testament of Reuben, the First-Born Son of Jacob and Leah
  2. The Testament of Simeon, the Second of Jacob and Leah
  3. The Testament of Levi, the Third Son of Jacob and Leah
  4. The Testament of Judah, the Fourth Son of Jacob and Leah
  5. The Testament of Issachar, the Fifth Son of Jacob and Leah
  6. The Testament of Zebulun, the Sixth Son of Jacob and Leah
  7. The Testament of Dan, the Seventh Son of Jacob and Bilhah
  8. The Testament of Naphtali, the Eighth Son of Jacob and Bilhah
  9. The Testament of Gad the Ninth Son of Jacob and Zilpah
  10. The Testament of Asher, the Tenth Son of Jacob and Zilpah
  11. The Testament of Joseph, the Eleventh Son of Jacob and Rachel
  12. The Testament of Benjamin, the Twelfth Son of Jacob and Rachel

About this edition

Source: Early Christian Writings (Charles’s text from The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, vol. II, 1913) · archive.org

Public domain: Public domain in the US and worldwide (Charles died 1931).

What’s included: All twelve testaments, one section each, one paragraph per chapter. Verse numbers appear in the text as in Charles’s printed edition; his notes are not included.

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